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Chambers' Cyclopædia
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ABAPTISTON

or ANABAPTISTON, a Name antiently given to an Instrument in Chirurgery, by the modern Writers call'd Trepan, Modiolus, Terebra, Terebellum, and Trafine. See TREPAN, MODIOLUS, &c.

The Word is a mere Stranger in our Language. It seems to be one of those Exoticks imported by the Dictionaries ; and never taken notice of but by themselves.


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ABLUENTS

ABLUENTS, Abluentia, in Medicine, a Name some Authors give to those Remedies, better known under the Name of Diluters, and Abstergents. See DILUTER, and ABSTERGENT.

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ABORTION

ABORTION, in Medicine, an immature Exclusion of the Fœtus ; or the Delivery of a Woman with Child, before the legitimate Term ; popularly call'd Miscarriage. See DELIVERY, &c.
This may happen at any time of Pregnancy; but is before the second Month after Conception, it is properly call'd a false Conception. See CONCEPTION.

We have Instances of Abortions by the way of the Mouth, the Anus, the Navel, &c. See FOETUS, EMBRYO, &c.


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ABORTIVE

ABORTIVE, something come before its due time, or before it has arriv'd at its Maturity and Persedion. See ABORTION.

F. Jerom Florentius has an express Treatise of the Baptism of Abortives, or abortive Children. His Aim is to shew that an Abortive may, and ought to be baptiz'd, at what Time or Term soever it come into the World ; by reason the precise Time when the Fœetus begins to be animated is not known. There are several curious and uncommon Things in this Work, which is intitled Homo dubius, sive de baptismo Abortivorum. Lugd. i674. 4to.


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ABRASION

ABRASION, is Sometimes used among Medical Writers for the Act of wearing away the natural Mucus which covers the Membranes, and particularly those of the Stomach and Intestines, by sharp corrosive Medicines, or Humors. See STOMACH, and INTESTINES.


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ABSCESS

in Medicine and Chirurgery, a Tumor arising on divers Parts of the Body, and tending to Suppuration. See TUMOR, SUPPURATION, &c.

Abscesses arise from Colledions of peccant Humours in the internal Parts of the Body; and are also called Imposthumes.See IMPOSTHUME.

Their Name Abscess comes from the Latin Verb abscedere, to depart, or remove to another Place; in allusion to the morbid Humors being deriv'd from elsewhere.


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ABSINTHIUM

ABSINTHIUM, Wormwood, a Medicinal Plant, of considerable Efficacy in quality of a Bitter and Stomachic. See STOMACHIC, &c.

There are divers Kinds hereof enumerated by Botanists; at least 30. Those which obtain in Medicine, are, 1°, the Roman or small, call'd also Pontic; used as a Stomachic, Astringent, Discutient, and to prevent Putrefaction. — Etmuller says, there is not a chronic Distemper in which it is not serviceable. — A Conserve of the Roman Absynthium is now also much used.


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ABSORBENTS

ABSORBENTS, in Medicine, Remedies which by the Softness or Porosity of their component Parts, become proper to sheath the Asperities of sharp pungent Humors ; or to imbibe or dry away, as with a Sponge, superfluous Moistures.

Such are the Testaceous Pouders, Hartshorn, Coral, Crabs Eyes and Claws, calcin'd Bones, burnt Ivory, &c.

Absorbents are the same with what we otherwise call Driers and Sweetners.


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ABSTERGENTS

ABSTERGENTS, or Abstersive Medicines, a Class of Remedies, whose Effect is to abrade and wipe away such mucous Particles as they meet in their Passage ; and thus cleanse the Parts of viscid or impure Adhesions, and carry off the morbid Matter of Wounds, Ulcers, &c. See MEDICINE, MUNDIFICATIVE, &c.
Abstergents are more usually call'd among Physicians Detergents. See DETERGENT.


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ABSYNTHIUM

ABSYNTHIUM, Wormwood, a Medicinal Plant, of considerable Efficacy in quality of a Bitter and Stomachic. See STOMACHIC, &c.

There are divers Kinds hereof enumerated by Botanists; at least 30. Those which obtain in Medicine, are, 1°, the Roman or small, call'd also Pontic; used as a Stomachic, Astringent, Discutient, and to prevent Putrefaction. — Etmuller says, there is not a chronic Distemper in which it is not serviceable. — A Conserve of the Roman Absynthium is now also much used.


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