ANTIPERISTASIS, in Philosophy, the Action of two opposite Qualities, one whereof, by its Opposition excites and heightens the Force of the other. See QUALITY. This Word is Greek, Ἀντιπερίστασις; formed of ἀντί, contra against, and περιίστημι, to stand round: q.d. Resistance or Renitency against anything that surrounds or besets another. It is usually defined, "the Opposition of a contrary Quality, whereby the Quality it opposes becomes heightened, or intensified; or the Action whereby a Body attacked by another, collects itself, and becomes stronger by such Opposition; or an Intensification of the Activity of one Quality, by the Opposition of another."Thus Cold, say the School-Philosophers, on many Occasions exalts the Degree of Heat; and Dryness that of Moisture. See COLD, etc.
ATOM, ἄτομος, in Philosophy, a Corpuscle; or a Part or Particle of Matter so minute as to be indivisible. See CORPUSCLE. The Word is Greek, ἄτομος; formed of the privative ἀ, and τέμνω, I cut, I divide.
Atoms are properly the minima naturae, the last or ultimate particles into which bodies are divisible; and are conceived as the first rudiments, or component parts of all physical magnitude, or the pre-existent and incorruptible matter whereof bodies were formed. See PARTICLE, BODY, etc.
Atoms are properly the minima naturae, the last or ultimate particles into which bodies are divisible; and are conceived as the first rudiments, or component parts of all physical magnitude, or the pre-existent and incorruptible matter whereof bodies were formed. See PARTICLE, BODY, etc.
ADJUNCT, Adjunctum, in philosophy, something added to a being from without. See ADJUNCTION.
Or, an adjunct is an additament or accession to a thing, not essentially belonging to it, but only accidental thereto.See ACCIDENT.
There are two kinds of adjuncts; the one, a substance (whether spirit or body) accidentally superadded to another, as its subject—Such is water in a sponge, or vessel, and the soul in the body. See SUBSTANCE.
Or, an adjunct is an additament or accession to a thing, not essentially belonging to it, but only accidental thereto.See ACCIDENT.
There are two kinds of adjuncts; the one, a substance (whether spirit or body) accidentally superadded to another, as its subject—Such is water in a sponge, or vessel, and the soul in the body. See SUBSTANCE.
APORRHOE, Ἀπορροή, in Philosophy, sulphureous Effluvia or Exhalations, emitted from the Earth, and subterranean Bodies. See VAPOUR and EXHALATION. The Word is formed from the Greek ἀπορρέω (aporrheo), to flow from. See MEPHITIC, etc.
APPETITE, Appetitus, Appetency, in Philosophy, a Desire of enjoying something wanted; or a Complacency in the Enjoyment of a thing present. Some Philosophers define it more generally, a Passion of the Soul whereby we desire something; or a Propensity or Impulse towards anything apprehended as good. See PASSION, etc. The Schoolmen distinguish Appetite into Voluntary and Natural. The first is the Will itself, acting under a competent Knowledge or Information of the thing in hand: Such is the Appetite or Desire of being happy. The second is a kind of Instinct whereby we are mechanically driven to consult our own Preservation. See INSTINCT, WILL, NATURAL INCLINATION, etc. Natural Appetite is subdivided into Concupiscible and Irascible. See CONCUPISCENCE and IRASCIBLE. The Word comes from the Latin Verb appeto, to desire, to covet; formed of ad, to, and peto, I draw.