Cyclopædia

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  • ADVERSARIAhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ADVERSARIA

    among the ancients, was used for a book of accounts, like our journal or day-book; thus called, quod adversa parte etiam scriptis impleretur, because wrote even on the backside. Hence, adversaria is sometimes also used among us for a common-place-book....

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • ASSUMPTIONhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ASSUMPTION

    they believed that the Holy Virgin was assumed, or taken into Heaven, Body and Soul. ASSUMPTION was also among our Ancestors, used for the Day of the Death of any Saint: Quia ejus anima in Coelum assumitur. ASSUMPTION, in Logic, is the Minor, or second...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • ACANTABOLUShttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ACANTABOLUS

    ACANTABOLUS, or Acanthabolus, a Surgeon's Instrument; called also Volsella. 'Tis shaped like a Pair of Pincers; and is used to take out any prickly Substance that shall chance to stick to the Oesophagus or Gullet; or the Fragments of corrupted Bones,...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • AGGRAVATIONhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/AGGRAVATION

    PUNISHMENT.The word is compounded of ad, to, and gravis, heavy, grievous. In the Roman Canon Law, Aggravation is particularly used for an Ecclesiastical Censure, threatening an Excommunication after three Admonitions used in vain. See CENSURE.From...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • APPLICATIONhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/religion/theology/APPLICATION

    in Theology, is particularly used for the Act whereby our Saviour transfers, or makes over to us what he had earned or purchased by his holy Life, and Death. 'Tis by this Application of the Merits of Christ, that we are to be justified; and entitled to...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Theology

  • ANACAMPTICKhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ANACAMPTICK

    signifies as much as Reflecting; and is frequently used in reference to Echoes, which are said to be Sounds produced anacamptically, or by Reflection. See REFLECTION, SOUND, and ECHO. Hence also Anacampticks is by some used for Catoptricks. See...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • ASSA-FOETIDAhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ASSA-FOETIDA

    If they be the same, it is certain we are not acquainted with half its Virtues. The modern Asa-Foetida, which is little used but by theFarriers, is a Gum said to distil during the Summer’s Heats, from a little Shrub, frequent in Persia, Media,...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • APPROVEMENTUMhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/APPROVEMENTUM

    Approvementum, or Approvement, is sometimes used in ancient Writers for Improvement. See IMPROVEMENT. Thus, to Approve, approbare, is to make the best benefit of a thing by increasing the Rent, etc. In some ancient Statutes, Bailiffs of Lords in their...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • ADMINISTRATIONhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ADMINISTRATION

    of public affairs to their ministers. See MINISTER. Civil wars are usually raised on pretense of maladministration or of abuses committed in the exercise of justice. See WAR. ADMINISTRATION, in law, signifies the disposing of a man's goods, or estate,...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • ARIEShttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ARIES

    also denotes a Battering Ram; being a military Engine much in use among the ancient Romans, to batter and beat down the Walls of Places besieged. See MACHINE. Of this there were two kinds; the one rude and simple, the other artificial and compound. The...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • ARSENIChttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/natural-history/ARSENIC

    The White, or Crystalline, is drawn from the Yellow,by subliming it with a proportion of Sea-Salt.—This Species is chiefly in use among us for real Arsenic. Some Authors give it a different origin, and maintain it a native Matter, found in white scaly...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Natural History

  • ANAGRAMhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ANAGRAM

    to omit or retain the Letter H, and that Letter only; but such as stand up for the poetical Licence, make bold sometimes to use E for U, V for W; S for Z, and G for K; and vice versa. See ALPHABET. This way of writing was scarce known among the...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • ARCHAEUShttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ARCHAEUS

    an obscure term, used chiefly among the ancient chemists, to express I know not what principle of life and motion; the cause of all the effects which men observe in nature. See LIFE. Hence, as they differ in their ideas of a vital cause, the term...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • ABORTIONhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/biotechnology/medicine/ABORTION

    We have Instances of Abortions by the way of the Mouth, the Anus, the Navel, &c. See FOETUS, EMBRYO, &c. The usual Causes of Abortion, are immoderate Evacuations, violent Motions, sudden Passions, Frights, &c. Other Cautes are the largeness and...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Medicine

  • ASBESTOShttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/natural-history/ASBESTOS

    combustible Matters, whereof the common Funeral Piles were formed. See FUNERAL, BURNING, &c. Others assert, that the Ancients used the Asbestos to make perpetual Wicks for sepulchral Lamps. However this be, there are some at this Day who use the...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Natural History

  • ABSOLUTEhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/physics/philosophy/ABSOLUTE

    and Amendment. In this Sense also, we say, an Absolute Promise, an Absolute Proposition, &c. The Divines frequently use Absolute in a still further Sense, viz. in opposition to Declaratory : Thus, the Church of Rome holds that the Priest can forgive...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Philosophy

  • ABSTRACThttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/physics/philosophy/ABSTRACT

    or Abstract Idea's being attach'd to same particular Subject, or consider'd as combin'd with some other Ideas ; as, great House, white Wall. See CONCRETE. The School Philosophers define an Abstract Term from the Simplicity of its Signification.—...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Philosophy

  • ARGUMENThttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/physics/philosophy/ARGUMENT

    Genus, and Species, Form, Similitude, Dissimilitude, Comparison, Repugnancy, Adjuncts, Antecedents, Consequents, Causes, and Effects. See each in its Place, Definition, Distribution, Genus, etc. To these some add two other Places of Argument, viz. the...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Philosophy

  • ARTILLERYhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ARTILLERY

    See Militia. Their Officers are a Leader, two Lieutenants, two Ensigns, three Gentlemen of Arms, &c. Artilleryis also used for what we otherwise call Pyrotechnia, or the Art of Fire-works, with the Instruments and Apparatus belonging thereto. See...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified

  • ASTRONOMYhttps://chambers.encyclo.eu/index.php/unclassified/ASTRONOMY

    fix the Origin of Astronomy and Astrology in Chaldea and accordingly among the Ancients we find the Word Chaldean frequently used for Astronomer—Some choose to attribute the Invention to the ancient Hebrews; and some, even, to the first Men; building on...

    • Type: Article
    • Author: Ephraïm Chambers
    • Category: Unclassified
Results 101 - 120 of 446

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